Question 1

When an animal respires, the carbon in the carbon dioxide that it breathes out comes indirectly from

Accepted Answer

A)   the air that the organism breaths in.
B)   dead and decaying plant matter.
C)   fossil fuels.
D)   photosynthesis.
E)   carbon fixation.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

Ecological succession is

Accepted Answer

A)   a change in communities caused by human activities.
B)   a stable community that forms after a change.
C)   an orderly process of change in the community of organisms.
D)   what happens to a cultivated field every year that crops are planted.
E)   competition between opportunistic and equilibrium species.F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 3

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)   marsh
B)   tropical rainforest
C)   temperate rainforest
D)   prairies
E)   tundrasF) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following would be considered a commensalistic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)   Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations" help camouflage the crab and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food.
B)   Some spiders do not build webs, but live in the web of another species. When a prey item is caught in the web, the non-web building spider will sneak in and steal the prey.
C)   A praying mantis hunting and eating a fly.
D)   The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a digestive system, but obtains all of their nutrients from the host.
E)   Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 5

Figure: 
-Which of the following boxes indicates the process of nitrification?

Accepted Answer

A)   Box A
B)   Box B
C)   Box C
D)   Box D
E)   Box EF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

What is the source of carbon for most aquatic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)   carbon dioxide
B)   calcium carbonate
C)   biocarbonate ions
D)   carbon monoxide
E)   fossil fuelsF) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 7

The greenhouse effect

Accepted Answer

A)   will lead to decreased sea levels.
B)   decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.
C)   increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.
D)   is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
E)   is due to gases forming a barrier around the Earth and insulating the Earth from the sun's rays.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

If there is 2,000 kg of caterpillars, how much of this biomass will be converted into top carnivore tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)   20,000 kg
B)   2,000 kg
C)   200 kg
D)   20 kg
E)   2 kgF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 9

An organism that obtains its food from the process of photosynthesis is a(n)  __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   autotroph
B)   consumer
C)   heterotroph
D)   decomposer
E)   omnivoreF) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

Accepted Answer

A)   temperate grasslands
B)   tundra
C)   savannah
D)   tropical rainforest
E)   coral reefF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Which of the following correctly lists the progression of species present during primary or secondary succession?

Accepted Answer

A)   fungi, nonvascular plants, gymnosperms, animals
B)   nonvascular plants, angiosperm, gymnosperms, fungi
C)   animals, fungi, nonvascular plants, angiosperms
D)   angiosperms, nonvascular plants, animals, gymnosperms
E)   gymnosperms, angiosperms, fungi, nonvascular plantsF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

All of the following are true about ecosystems EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   chemicals are constantly recycled and reused.
B)   chemicals are converted from one form to another.
C)   energy is constantly recycled.
D)   energy is required continuously because some energy is lost.
E)   the ultimate source of energy is the sun.F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

Biomes are defined by

Accepted Answer

A)   types of plants.
B)   types of animals.
C)   communities.
D)   temperature and rainfall.
E)   both plants, animals, and inorganic matter.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

What process is occurring in Box C?

Accepted Answer

A)   nitrification
B)   decomposition
C)   denitrification
D)   nitrogen-fixing
E)   nitrogen incorporationF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following has the slowest phosphate transfer rate?

Accepted Answer

A)   runoff
B)   decomposition of plants and animals
C)   mining
D)   weathering of rocks
E)   fertilizersF) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following would be considered a mutualistic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)   Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations" help camouflage the crab and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food.
B)   Some spiders do not build webs, but live in the web of another species. When a prey item is caught in the web, the non-web building spider will sneak in and steal the prey.
C)   A praying mantis hunting and eating a fly.
D)   The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a digestive system, but obtains all of their nutrients from the host.
E)   Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

Figure: 
-Which of the following boxes indicates the process of denitrification?

Accepted Answer

A)   Box A
B)   Box B
C)   Box C
D)   Box D
E)   Box EF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following communities is the LEAST diverse?

Accepted Answer

A)   15 lions, 100 zebras, 80 giraffes
B)   50 squirrels, 75 oak trees, 60 maple trees
C)   4 crab spiders, 76 goldenrod, 60 echinacea
D)   40 bass, 60 minnow, 55 blue gill
E)   5 elm trees, 7 beech trees, 6 birch treesF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following is a community?

Accepted Answer

A)   a group of walrus on a beach
B)   hummingbirds at a feeder
C)   trout and the lake they inhabit
D)   squirrels and the oak trees they live in
E)   a herd of elephants in the Namib desertF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an example of an animal's niche?

Accepted Answer

A)   a small bird living in the dense shrubs at the base of a tree
B)   two male lizards fighting over access to a female
C)   a grasshopper feeding on leaves
D)   an oystercatcher eating bivalves
E)   lions and hyenas fighting over access to a zebra carcassF) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Exam 31: Communities and Ecosystems

An organism that obtains its food from the process of photosynthesis is a(n) __________.

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Which of the following has the slowest phosphate transfer rate?

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Which of the following would be considered a mutualistic relationship?

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Which of the following is NOT an example of an animal's niche?

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Ecological succession is

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What process is occurring in Box C?

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Which of the following correctly lists the progression of species present during primary or secondary succession?

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Which of the following would be considered a commensalistic relationship?

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The greenhouse effect

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Figure: -Which of the following boxes indicates the process of nitrification?

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Biomes are defined by

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When an animal respires, the carbon in the carbon dioxide that it breathes out comes indirectly from

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What is the source of carbon for most aquatic organisms?

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Which of the following communities is the LEAST diverse?

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Figure: -Which of the following boxes indicates the process of denitrification?

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Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?

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Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

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Which of the following is a community?

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If there is 2,000 kg of caterpillars, how much of this biomass will be converted into top carnivore tissue?

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All of the following are true about ecosystems EXCEPT

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