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Plasmids


A) are found in all bacteria.
B) are essential for growth and metabolism.
C) cannot be passed between organisms.
D) cannot be passed on to progeny.
E) are often the site of pathogenic genes.

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?


A) coccus
B) tetrad
C) vibrio
D) rod
E) spirochete

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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The bacterial flagellum has three parts in the order from cytoplasm to external environment:


A) filament,hook,basal body
B) filament,basal body,hook
C) basal body,hook,filament
D) hook,basal body,filament
E) basal body,filament,hook

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

A) True
B) False

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The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

A) True
B) False

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A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is


A) Mycobacterium.
B) Mycoplasma.
C) Streptococcus.
D) Corynebacterium.
E) Salmonella.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the question that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. A 3-year-old patient is admitted to the ER after a sudden onset of high fever and chills, a productive cough, and shortness of breath. The parents indicate that the child had been healthy up until a few hours ago. An initial workup of the child shows an elevated temperature (103oF) , a rapid pulse rate (140 bpm) , and a low oxygen saturation level (82%) . Supplemental oxygen and acetaminophen are administered immediately, and specimens are obtained from the patient for microbial analysis. -Further microscopic analysis of negatively stained specimens reveals a clearing around each of the spherical cells against a dark background.This clearing indicates that the pathogen possesses which structure(s) ?


A) endospores
B) a capsule
C) a nucleoid
D) pili

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Cells form a _____ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side.


A) tetrad
B) strep
C) staph
D) sarcina
E) palisade

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Endospores are


A) metabolically inactive.
B) resistant to heat and chemical destruction.
C) resistant to destruction by radiation.
D) living structures.
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and


A) mRNA.
B) tRNA.
C) rRNA.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) None of the choices is correct.

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following species of bacteria is not closely related to the others?


A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Staphylococcus epidermidis
C) Staphylococcus saprophyticus
D) Escherichia coli
E) Staphylococcus capitis

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of protein polymers to help maintain their shape.

A) True
B) False

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Lysozyme is most effective against


A) gram-negative organisms.
B) gram-positive organisms.
C) mycoplasmas.
D) cyanobacteria.
E) archea.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is


A) gram negative.
B) gram positive.
C) found in archaea.
D) a spheroplast.
E) acid fast.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The short,numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called


A) flagella.
B) cilia.
C) fimbriae.
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) .
E) sex pili.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except


A) flagella.
B) cilia.
C) fimbriae.
D) periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) .
E) sex pili.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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The bacterial chromosome


A) is located in the cell membrane.
B) contains all the cell's plasmids.
C) is part of the nucleoid.
D) forms a single linear strand of DNA.
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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All bacterial cells have


A) one or more chromosomes.
B) one or more fimbriae.
C) the ability to produce endospores.
D) capsules.
E) flagella.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.

A) True
B) False

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Halobacterium salinarium lives in and requires salt.This is an example of an archaeabacterium described as a(n) __.


A) osmophile
B) halophile
C) thermophile
D) psychrophile
E) methanogen

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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