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The average person is more likely to make a mistake choosing ___________ than what to have for dinner.


A) how to save for retirement
B) which college to attend
C) which type of health plan to choose
D) All of these statements are true.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Commitment devices can be:


A) a way to use choice architecture to help you avoid temptation.
B) formal policies or products.
C) a way for people to voluntarily restrict their choices in order to make it easier to stick to plans.
D) All of these statements are true.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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A person setting up automatic deductions through their employer so a portion of their pay goes into a "Christmas account" is an example of:


A) status quo bias.
B) the endowment effect.
C) positive framing.
D) a commitment device.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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A store is choosing between advertising a credit card fee or a discount for paying cash to its customers.More customers are likely to pay cash if the store owner advertises:


A) the credit card fee.
B) the discount for paying cash.
C) either one;since it's the same outcome,people won't care one way or another.
D) neither one;since people are not likely to pay cash more regardless of how it's advertised.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Choice architecture is:


A) the organization of the context and process in which people make decisions.
B) the choices that force utility-maximizing decisions for individuals.
C) the political framework under which policy is made.
D) None of these statements is true.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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When considering choice architecture,a nudge:


A) is a gentle push in a particular direction.
B) does not take away any options.
C) allows anyone who wants to go in a different direction to do so.
D) All of these statements are true.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Your roommate tells you she's going to join the gym next week.A week and a half goes by and you ask her how the gym is going,and she tells you she's going to wait until the following week. Your roommate's preferences are:


A) time inconsistent.
B) better today than tomorrow.
C) mistakes.
D) considered bad choices.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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A person committing to carpool with a friend to the gym for daily workouts is an example of:


A) a commitment device.
B) status quo bias.
C) the endowment effect.
D) positive framing.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Status-quo bias is:


A) a person's choice being influenced by others' opinions.
B) a reluctance to make active decisions to change something,even if it is fairly easy to do so.
C) not overcome in the SMarT program because saving is not the default option.
D) All of these statements are true.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Cyndi says to you,"I'm wondering if I should study abroad in France." You studied in Germany two years ago,and found the cost of living (not counting tuition) to be about $5,000 for a semester,so you say,"I bet it will cost you about $5,000,not counting tuition." Your answer demonstrates:


A) biased expectations.
B) anchoring.
C) using a piece of information loosely related and applying it to your guess.
D) All of these statements are true.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Knowing that most people do not care to be outliers,one way to get people to behave a certain way is to:


A) tell them everyone else does it.
B) let them know it is a social norm to behave that way.
C) encourage the behavior of the majority.
D) All of these statements are true.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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The Save More Tomorrow (SMarT) program found that:


A) people want to save more than they typically do.
B) participants quadrupled their savings in just a couple of years.
C) if the default choice is to save a portion of income,people will save more.
D) All of these statements are true.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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When shopping online,as part of the check-out process,companies often have a box checked automatically that states you want to receive promotional e-mails from them.The directions instruct you to uncheck the box if you do not wish such correspondence.This practice is a good example of:


A) status-quo bias.
B) endowment bias.
C) endowment effect.
D) time inconsistency.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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