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When firms expand into global markets,they are faced with the choice of reducing costs and/or adapting to the local market.When high pressures exist to adapt locally,companies should choose a(n) ________ strategy or ________ strategy in order to compete in the global marketplace.


A) global;transnational
B) global;multidomestic
C) international;global
D) transnational;multidomestic

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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The most expensive and risky entry mode is


A) wholly owned subsidiaries.
B) joint ventures.
C) franchising.
D) strategic alliances.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Trading blocs and free trade zones erode the rise of international expansion.

A) True
B) False

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Exemplifying the phenomenon of ________,companies like GE have committed significant resources to developing products that meet the needs of developing nations,products that deliver adequate functionality at a fraction of the cost.Interestingly,these products have subsequently found considerable success in value segments in wealthy countries as well.


A) total wage costs and indirect costs
B) risk reduction
C) reverse innovation
D) the optimization of value-chain activity locations

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Discuss the role of market size in motivating a company to pursue international expansion.Use statistics to illustrate your explanation.

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There are many motivations for a company...

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Which of the following is not a risk normally associated with bottom-of-the-pyramid strategies?


A) A low-end version of a brand may detract from the overall brand attractiveness.
B) The new low-cost products they develop may cannibalize the sales of their core products.
C) Entrenched competitors can impact the ability of the new firm to enter the market successfully.
D) New products may be perceived as exploiting the privileged customer with substandard products.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Wages in developing markets can be volatile and spike dramatically.The United States can be ________ on a wage basis if its average wages decline.


A) less competitive
B) more competitive
C) more risky
D) more volatile

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Typically,joint ventures involve less control and risk than franchising.

A) True
B) False

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According to the textbook,________ economic integration has progressed at a faster pace than ________ economic integration.


A) global;international
B) international;regional
C) regional;global
D) regional;inter-regional

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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If the U.S.dollar appreciates relative to foreign currency,what is likely to be the result for the U.S.company that has branches abroad?


A) Profits will increase,when measured in U.S.dollars.
B) Profits will decrease,when measured in U.S.dollars.
C) Foreign exports to the United States will decrease.
D) Foreign demand for U.S.goods and services will decrease.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Trends that might lead managers of multinational corporations (MNCs) to adopt a more decentralized strategy for their operations would include all of the following except


A) customer needs,interests,and tastes becoming increasingly homogenized.
B) consumers around the world increasingly willing to trade preferences in product features for lower price.
C) manufacturing trends allowing a decline in the minimum volume required to reach acceptable levels of production efficiency.
D) fluctuating exchange rates.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Globalization opens the doors for companies to attract new customers.One of the challenges is to determine how to meet the needs of these customers who have


A) different income levels.
B) low income levels.
C) high income levels.
D) steady income levels.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which one of the following is one of the Theodore Levitt assumptions supporting a pure global strategy?


A) Consumers are willing to pay more for specific product features.
B) Customer needs and interests are becoming more dissimilar.
C) MNCs can successfully compete globally by aggressively pricing products at the sacrifice of product features.
D) If the world markets are treated as heterogeneous,substantial economies of scale are easily achieved.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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In Fortune's annual list of the 500 biggest companies in the world,156 firms were from emerging markets in 2015 compared to 18 in 1996,owing to


A) the lower living standards throughout the world.
B) traditional purchasing habits.
C) a rapid rise in global capitalism.
D) a divergence in world living standards.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is a source of economic risk in many countries?


A) good intellectual property law
B) counterfeiting
C) good enforcement of property rights
D) political unrest

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Which one of the following is not a limitation of a global strategy?


A) limited ability to adapt to local markets
B) the ability to locate activities in optimal locations
C) the concentration of activities may increase dependence on a single facility
D) single locations may lead to higher tariffs and transportation costs

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which would be the appropriate strategy for companies to use to compete in the global marketplace if both the pressures to lower costs and adapt locally are low?


A) international strategy
B) global strategy
C) multidomestic strategy
D) transnational strategy

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The factor endowments of a country are inherited and cannot be created.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following types of international firms are most likely to benefit from a global strategy as opposed to a multidomestic strategy?


A) firms that compete in industries in which consumer preferences vary substantially in each country
B) firms in industries that are expanding very rapidly
C) firms in industries that have value added by sales and marketing departments
D) firms in industries that have much value added in research and design or manufacturing

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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In considering the transnational strategy,Nestle evaluates the limits of decentralization.The closer they are to the consumer in activities such as branding and pricing,the more they tend to decentralize.The more they deal with production and logistics,the more they centralize decision-making.The production and logistics decisions involve ________ activities.


A) upstream
B) in its infrastructure
C) downstream
D) midstream

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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