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The stratum ________ is the most superficial layer of the epidermis. Most of the cells in this layer are dead and very flat and form an impermeable layer for skin.

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The skin disorder that commonly appears as facial redness, predominantly over the cheeks and nose, is ________ and results from dilation of small facial blood vessels.

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Freckles and flat moles are examples of skin lesions known as ________.

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A mole should not grow larger than 6 mm in ________.

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Which characteristic is associated with apocrine sweat glands?


A) Most numerous
B) Produces watery sweat
C) Produces sweat with a high amount of protein
D) Causes loss of body heat
E) Concentrated on the forehead, neck, and back

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of these structures or substances in the skin helps prevent UV radiation from damaging deep structures of the skin?


A) Sebaceous glands
B) Melanin
C) Keratinocytes
D) Keratin
E) Collagen fibers

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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A third-degree burn is shown at letter ________ in the figure.

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A first-degree burn is shown at letter ________ in the figure.

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Barry has come to the medical office today because he has a small sore on the back of his left forearm that appeared three months ago and has not gone away. The sore is smooth and red, and has a slight waxy sheen. You would expect the physician to test for which of the following disorders?


A) Dermatitis
B) Eczema
C) Psoriasis
D) Basal cell carcinoma
E) Herpes simplex

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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The major component of scars is a whitish fiber called ________.

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Joanne is in the office today because of a rash that is occurring down one side of her back and thigh. She is obviously in great pain. You observe that the rash is beginning to blister in places. Which of the following questions might help you gather more information to help the physician make a diagnosis?


A) "How many people live in your home?"
B) "Have you noticed any similar symptoms in other family members?"
C) "Did you have chickenpox when you were a child?"
D) "Have you had any sexual contact in the last 6 months?"
E) "How long has it been since you had a tetanus shot?"

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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In shingles, a painful blistering rash occurs along the ________, the skin area along the pathway of the affected nerve root.

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All people have about the same number of ________, regardless of skin color. What varies from person to person is how active the cells are in producing melanin.

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Which of the following begins in the flat cells of the epidermis?


A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Alopecia
C) Melanoma
D) Squamous cell carcinoma
E) Pediculosis

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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People who have ____ may require chemotherapy.


A) basal cell carcinoma
B) alopecia
C) melanoma
D) squamous cell carcinoma
E) pediculosis

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Sweat glands are found in the ____.


A) arrector pili
B) epidermis
C) dermis
D) subcutaneous
E) hypodermis

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Most ________ (sweat) glands are located in the dermis of skin and are of two types: eccrine and apocrine.

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When exposed to sunlight, the skin produces a molecule that is converted to ________, which the body needs for calcium absorption.

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The ________ glands produce an oily substance called sebum that is secreted onto hairs to keep them soft and pliable and also to prevent bacteria from growing on the skin.

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The causes of eczema are ____.


A) inherited
B) viral
C) hormonal
D) bacterial
E) mostly unknown

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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