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Properties of effective antigens include all of the following except _______.


A) they are foreign to the immune system
B) they have molecular complexity
C) they are large molecules with a minimum molecular weight of 1,000
D) they are large polymers made up of repeating subunits
E) they are cells or large, complex molecules

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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As an adult who never developed chickenpox infection as a child, you elect to receive the protective vaccine against this pathogen at the age of 35. This vaccine will stimulate _______.


A) a primary immune response
B) a secondary immune response
C) latency
D) an anamnestic response

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Antibody molecules circulate in lymph, blood, and tissue fluids.

A) True
B) False

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Antigens that elicit allergic reactions are called _______.


A) superantigens
B) autoantigens
C) heterophilic antigens
D) allergens

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Class II MHC genes code for _______.


A) certain secreted complement components
B) self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes
C) all HLA antigens
D) receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells
E) All of these choices are correct.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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During which response to the antigen do we display a latent period of no secretory antibody synthesis?


A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements does not represent the role of a cell marker in the third line of defense?


A) They receive and transmit signals to coordinate the immune response.
B) They are attachment sites for foreign molecules.
C) They serve as recognition factors for self and nonself molecules.
D) They serve as transcription factors to initiate antibody production.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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The immunoglobulin class that has a dimer form found in mucus, saliva, colostrum, and other body secretions is ______.


A) IgA
B) IgM
C) IgG
D) IgD
E) IgE

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Antigen presenting cells _______.


A) include dendritic cells
B) include macrophages
C) engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic
D) hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface
E) All of these choices are correct.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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The array of potential antibodies to the variety of possible antigens is amazing. Which statement explains this development?


A) There is a shuffling of genes that code for self markers as well as nonself markers, mixing them together and producing reactive lymphocytes to those markers.
B) Mutations in the antibody gene occur within the activated B cells, since they meet the antigen.
C) The existing antibody molecules change their shapes, allowing them to fit with a large number of antigens.
D) Recombination of genes coding for the variable regions of immunoglobulins occurs during the developmental stage of lymphocyte production.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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All nucleated cells contain _______.


A) IgD receptors
B) class II MHC
C) IgE receptors
D) secretory antibodies
E) class I MHC

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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The structural and functional differences that distinguish immunoglobulin isotypes are due to variations associated with their Fc fragments.

A) True
B) False

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