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A firm sells 99 units of output when price equals $10, and 100 units of output when price equals $9.Its marginal revenue for the 100th unit of output is negative.

A) True
B) False

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In the long-run equilibrium, a monopolist will earn zero economic profits.

A) True
B) False

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Many economists agree that government should deal with monopolists on a case-by-case basis.Which of the following is not a government policy option?


A) If the monopoly is attained and maintained through anticompetitive behavior, the government can file a suit based on antitrust laws.
B) If the firm is a natural monopoly, the government may decide to regulate its prices and operations.
C) If the monopoly is maximizing economic profits, the government can subsidize new firms to enter the industry.
D) If the monopoly is subject, and vulnerable, to potential competition, the government can decide to leave it alone.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A monopolist, being the sole seller in a market, is assured of positive economic profits.

A) True
B) False

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The problem with adopting a fair-return pricing policy for a natural monopoly is that


A) economic profits will be positive.
B) economic profits will be negative.
C) it is not productively efficient.
D) it is not allocatively efficient.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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(Last Word) "Big Data"


A) has completely eliminated the monopoly pricing power of online retailers.
B) is used by firms to price discriminate through personalized pricing.
C) is a significant barrier to entry to new Internet retailers.
D) makes it easier for government to regulate monopolistic industries.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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A monopolist sells 6 units of a product per day at a unit price of $15.If it lowers the price to $14, its total revenue increases by $22.This implies that its sales quantity increases by


A) 4 units per day.
B) 3 units per day.
C) 2 units per day.
D) 1 unit per day.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is correct?


A) Both purely competitive and monopolistic firms are "price takers."
B) Both purely competitive and monopolistic firms are "price makers."
C) A purely competitive firm is a "price taker," while a monopolist is a "price maker."
D) A purely competitive firm is a "price maker," while a monopolist is a "price taker."

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The economic incentive for price discrimination is based upon


A) prejudices of business managers.
B) differences among sellers' costs.
C) a desire to evade antitrust legislation.
D) differences among buyers' elasticities of demand.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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"Price makers" refers to firms that


A) face a downward-sloping demand curve.
B) are pure monopolies, rather than monopolistic competitors.
C) have no ability to influence the market price.
D) are pure monopolies or monopolistic competitors, but not oligopolies.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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For a monopolist to sell an output level of 10 units, the price must be $8.MR at this output level will be


A) > $8 and < $16.
B) < $8.
C) = $8.
D) > $16.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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If a pure monopolist is operating in a range of output where demand is elastic,


A) it cannot possibly be maximizing profits.
B) marginal revenue will be positive but declining.
C) marginal revenue will be positive and rising.
D) total revenue will be declining.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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If a monopolist engages in price discrimination, it will


A) realize a smaller profit.
B) charge a higher price where individual demand is inelastic and a lower price where individual demand is elastic.
C) produce a smaller output than when it did not discriminate.
D) charge a competitive price to all its customers.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Total Output Price Marginal Revenue Average Total Cost Marginal Cost 1 $100 $100 $100.00 $30 2 90 80 63.00 26 3 80 60 52.67 32 4 70 40 49.50 40 5 60 20 49.60 50 6 50 0 50.00 52 7 40 -20 52.29 66 8 30 -40 55.75 80 9 20 -60 60.67 100 10 10 -80 67.60 130 Refer to the data for a nondiscriminating monopolist.At its profit-maximizing output, this firm's total costs will be


A) $300.
B) $248.
C) $198.
D) $126.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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A profit-maximizing firm should shut down in the short run if the average revenue it receives is less than


A) average variable cost.
B) average total cost.
C) average fixed cost.
D) marginal cost.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Suppose that a pure monopolist can sell 5 units of output at $4 per unit and 6 units at $3.90 per unit.The monopolist will produce and sell the sixth unit if its marginal cost is


A) $4 or less.
B) $3.90 or less.
C) $3.50 or less.
D) $3.40 or less.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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In most cases, a monopolist practicing price discrimination will end up earning less economic profits than a nondiscriminating monopolist.

A) True
B) False

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If profits are maximized (or losses minimized) , which of the following conditions is common to both unregulated monopoly and pure competition?


A) MC = P
B) MC = ATC
C) MR = MC
D) P = MR

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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If marginal costs decrease and the MC curve shifts down, a typical monopolist will


A) reduce price and reduce quantity of output.
B) reduce price and increase quantity of output.
C) increase price and reduce quantity of output.
D) increase price and increase quantity of output.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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If a pure monopolist is producing at that output where P = ATC, then


A) its economic profits will be zero.
B) it will be realizing losses.
C) it will be producing less than the profit-maximizing level of output.
D) it will be realizing an economic profit.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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