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In the fetus, the blood from the umbilical vein is shunted away from the liver and sent to the inferior vena cava through the ductus ________.

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Which of the following supplies blood to the abdominal wall?


A) Lumbar arteries
B) Posterior intercostal arteries
C) Subclavian arteries
D) Median sacral artery

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Epinephrine, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone each cause an increase in blood pressure.

A) True
B) False

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During a dangerous situation, the sympathetic nervous system causes widespread vasoconstriction, raising systemic blood pressure. This is an example of the myogenic response.

A) True
B) False

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Which statement accurately compares filtration and reabsorption?


A) Filtration is driven by concentration gradients, whereas reabsorption depends on hydrostatic pressure.
B) Filtration involves bulk flow of fluid out of the blood, whereas reabsorption is bulk flow back into the blood.
C) Filtration happens at the venule end of a capillary bed and reabsorption happens in feeder arterioles.
D) The direction of filtration can be either into or out of the blood, but reabsorption always involves fluids entering the blood.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Blood velocity is measured in ________ and is generally ________ related to total cross-sectional area of blood vessels.


A) cm/second; directly
B) cm/second; inversely
C) liter/min; directly
D) liter/min; inversely

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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A vasodilator causes a decrease in local blood flow at a capillary bed.

A) True
B) False

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Imagine someone who drank too much water before running a race. Their very watery blood would have


A) high viscosity and therefore have high resistance.
B) high viscosity and therefore have low resistance.
C) low viscosity and therefore have high resistance.
D) low viscosity and therefore have low resistance.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which path of arteries would a blood cell follow on its way from the thigh to the foot?


A) Deep femoral a., medial planar a., posterior tibial a., plantar arterial arch
B) Femoral a., popliteal a., anterior tibial a., dorsalis pedis a.
C) Internal iliac a., deep femoral a., popliteal a., posterior fibular a.
D) Lateral sacral a., femoral a., hamstring a., tibial a., dorsalis pedis a.
E) Femoral a., saphenous a., azygos a., anterior tibial a.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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